Diagnostic Measures of Influence for s2

We present three intuitive diagnostic measures for judging the influence that single or multiple observations exert on the estimate s², the mean square error. The three measures are shown to be equivalent statistics. We discuss distributional properties of these measures and conclude with an example.     

Q-NET – a new scholarly network on quantitative wood anatomy

Quantitative wood anatomy (QWA) is a dynamic research approach of increasing interest that can provide answers to a wide range of research questions across different disciplines. However, the lack of common protocols and knowledge gaps hinder the realisation of the full potential of QWA. Therefore, we established the new community-based network Q-NET to provide an open interdisciplinary platform for exchange and research around QWA. Q-NET (https://qwa-net.com) combines an online knowledge and exchange base with virtual workshops. The first two workshops each attracted more than 125 participants from around the world, demonstrating the community's interest in QWA and this virtual way of networking and collaborating. Indeed, virtual networks such as Q-NET could increase the inclusiveness, efficiency and sustainability of scientific collaboration while providing additional training and teaching opportunities for early career scientists, both of which complement in-person conferences and workshops.     

8种绿化树种光合特性及叶片解剖结构比较

城市绿化不仅包含了园林绿化的美化作用,还具有重要的生态功能,其生态功能是通过植物的生理活动实现的。光合能力在种间和基因型间的变化很大,这些差异通常与代谢和(或)叶片的解剖结构的性质有关。本研究选择8种哈尔滨常见树种,采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对叶净光合速率(P_n)、呼吸速率(R_d)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)等进行测定,并利用显微镜观察测定叶片厚度、表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度,从而探讨叶片结构对光合生理的影响。结果表明:8个树种间叶片最大光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率、光饱和点差异显著(P <0.05);表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、上表皮气孔密度和下表皮气孔密度差异显著(P <0.05)。虽然8个树种间光合能力和叶片解剖结构的差异较大,但分析发现其间也存在一定的相关性。其中,光饱和点与叶表皮厚度显著正相关(P <0.01),相关系数为0.78。胞间CO_2浓度与上表皮气孔密度显著负相关(P <0.05),相关系数为-0.65。而最大光合速率、呼吸速率、蒸腾速率和光补偿点与表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、上表皮气孔密度和下表皮气孔密度相关均不显著(P> 0.05)。胞间CO_2浓度与表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和下表皮气孔密度相关均不显著(P> 0.05)。光饱和点与栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、上表皮气孔密度和下表皮气孔密度相关均不显著(P> 0.05)。虽然对叶片结构对生理过程的影响的机理还需要进一步研究,但是我们认为叶片解剖结构的研究可以更好地理解生理指标的变化。     

The growth ring concept: seeking a broader and unambiguous approach covering tropical species

The concept of growth rings is little discussed in the literature and their treatment remains somewhat confusing in terms of the diversity of structures described. This situation has a major impact on the study of growth rings in tropical species, in which variations and complexity are greater and accuracy of identification less good. The rigid conceptual delimitations used by dendrochronologists and wood anatomists of temperate regions cannot be applied to the study of growth rings in most tropical species, which has led to neglect of this subject. With the objective of discussing the concept of growth rings, the present study consists of a survey of anatomical, periodicity, causal and evolutionary aspects of the treatment of these structures as evidenced in previous studies, and the evaluation of their application and limitations to the development of this concept. Anatomical aspects arise through radial integrity, or the presence of early and late wood; the degree of distinction of the rings, which may vary from well to poorly defined; and tangential continuity, meaning that rings may form a complete circle in the transverse section of the trunk, or instead be tangentially discontinuous, lens‐shaped or in wedges. In addition there are a diversity of anatomical markers which enable us to recognize growth rings. Regarding periodicity, the rings may be annual, infra‐annual or supra‐annual. Causal aspects include genetic, endogenous and environmental components. Evolutionary aspects continue to be insufficiently investigated, and although most comparative studies treat growth rings recognized by different markers as though they were a single character, it remains questionable whether they can be regarded as homologous or the result of homoplasy. We conclude that the elaboration of a robust but broad definition which can include all the variation observed in growth rings of tropical species is a complex task, which is only possible by overcoming the restrictions adopted by dendrochronologists and wood anatomists of temperate regions for whom growth rings are essentially annual, strongly demarcated, tangentially continuous and restricted to the most pronounced markers.     

宝乐安联合金酸萍颗粒对新生儿黄疸的治疗

目的 观察宝乐安联合金酸萍颗粒对新生儿黄疸的临床疗效。方法 选择我院和酒泉市人民医院2016年10月至2018年9月间诊治的86例新生儿黄疸患儿为研究对象。入选患儿随机分成对照组与试验组各43例。其中对照组患儿给予金酸萍颗粒治疗,试验组患儿给予金酸萍颗粒联合宝乐安治疗。对两组患儿的临床治疗效果进行评价比较。结果 试验组与对照组患儿的临床治疗总有效率分别为95.3%和81.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.385,P0.05)。试验组患儿胆红素恢复正常时间以及黄疸消失时间均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 宝乐安与金酸萍颗粒联合用药对新生儿黄疸的临床疗效优于单用金酸萍颗粒,值得推广。